s.c. injection steps (chronological listing)

Observations during the DOTs (n = 128)

n (%)

Missing data n (%)

Intervention (ClinS-I + DailyS-I) vs. control

(ClinS-C + DailyS-C)

p value

No washing or disinfection of hands right before injection

85 (66.4)

2 (1.6)

p = 0.01 favouring intervention

Not waiting for the alcohol to evaporate (n = 124)

58 (46.8)

2 (1.6)

p = 0.03 favouring intervention

Difficulties to remove needle shield

12 (9.4)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.84

Need of a new pre-filled syringe due to wrong removal of needle shield

1 (0.8)

2 (1.6)

p = 0.29

Removal of air bubble

11 (8.6)

1 (0.8)

p = 0.26

Not pinching a skin fold

15 (11.7)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.84

No puncture into cleansed skin area (n = 124)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.14

Not inserted the full length of the needle into the skin

13 (10.2)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.29

Not waited a second before withdrawing the needle

43 (33.6)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.19

Skin fold released before withdrawing the needle (n = 117)

12 (10.3)

1 (0.9)

p < 0.01 favouring intervention

Recapping

57 (44.5)

0 (0.0)

p < 0.01 favouring intervention

Syringe not disposed immediately after withdrawing the needle

45 (35.2)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.20