s.c. injection steps (chronological listing) Observations during the DOTs (n = 128) | n (%) | Missing data n (%) | Intervention (ClinS-I + DailyS-I) vs. control (ClinS-C + DailyS-C) p value |
No washing or disinfection of hands right before injection | 85 (66.4) | 2 (1.6) | p = 0.01 favouring intervention |
Not waiting for the alcohol to evaporate (n = 124) | 58 (46.8) | 2 (1.6) | p = 0.03 favouring intervention |
Difficulties to remove needle shield | 12 (9.4) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.84 |
Need of a new pre-filled syringe due to wrong removal of needle shield | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.6) | p = 0.29 |
Removal of air bubble | 11 (8.6) | 1 (0.8) | p = 0.26 |
Not pinching a skin fold | 15 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.84 |
No puncture into cleansed skin area (n = 124) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.14 |
Not inserted the full length of the needle into the skin | 13 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.29 |
Not waited a second before withdrawing the needle | 43 (33.6) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.19 |
Skin fold released before withdrawing the needle (n = 117) | 12 (10.3) | 1 (0.9) | p < 0.01 favouring intervention |
Recapping | 57 (44.5) | 0 (0.0) | p < 0.01 favouring intervention |
Syringe not disposed immediately after withdrawing the needle | 45 (35.2) | 0 (0.0) | p = 0.20 |